![]() In Somalia there was no clear vision of how reconciliation should proceed. Business ethics in itself is a part of applied ethics the latter takes care of ethical questions in the technical, social, legal and business ethics. For example, there is marketing ethics for marketing, ethics in HR for Human resource department and the like. Business ethics is a wider term that includes many other sub ethics that are relevant to the respective field. In such a scenario certain standards are required to govern how organizations go about their business operations, these standards are called ethics. ![]() Business houses with deeper pockets crush small operators and markets are monopolised. This enmity reflects in business operations, code of conduct. We live in an era of cut throat competition and competition breeds enmity. Apart from this it also applies to individuals who work in organisations, their conduct and to the organisations as a whole. These ethics are meant to analyse problems that come up in day to day course of business operations. Values and ethics in simple words mean principle or code of conduct that govern transactions in this case business transaction. pose barriers at so many levels, the public administration should be such that it rises above and transverses all differences. In a diverse country like India where the social denominators like caste, religion, language etc. It needs to be representing the general interest of a large section of people rather than personal interests of specific few. It should ensure scope for incorporation of public opinions and ideas for improvement and delivering better services. The public administration of a democratic state needs to be transparent, efficient and most importantly should be open for public scrutiny and criticism. In a democratic state, the spirit of democracy needs to be maintained in the manner in which the public services are administered. According to Berkeley and Rouse public service and democracy are both opposing in nature yet complement each other. Public administration as described by Frederick Camp Mosher is three steps removed from the people. The entire idea of public administration in a democracy is contradictory. Democracy is a representative form of Government chosen by the people. It has undergone reforms and has been influenced by developments in other sciences like social and behavioral. During our discourse we have seen how the academic discipline of public administration has evolved. The role and functions of the Government and the bureaucracy is that which keeps constantly evolving in the wake of developments and changes in and around the world. He found them to be extremely narcissistic in their approach which believed that the American way of administration was unique without any counterparts elsewhere in the world and that it was capable of answering all the administrative problems emerging in the new developing countries. During his stint as a Researcher at the Foreign Policy Association in USA, Fred Riggs came across an interesting phenomenon regarding the American Public Administration. Having explained the broader meaning of the term it makes more sense for us to understand it from the perspective of public administration which would guide our further analysis of the topic. All these functions need to work together to make the body function as a whole. These functions are norms, customs, traditions and institutions and can be analogized as organs of a body, as explained by Herbert Spencer. So, according to them, a society has a structure and functions. This approach was developed by the celebrated anthropologist Malinowski and Radcliff Brown. The structural functional approach to public administration is a term adapted from sociology and anthropology which interprets society as a structure with interrelated parts. Henry Fayol worked on his Fayolism at around the same time as Taylor and came up with different set of functions and principles for the management bringing in terms like discipline, unity of command, equity and team spirit. The pioneering work done by Taylor and the emergence of Scientific Management created quite stir not just in the industrial sector but also in management and study of public administration. The movement started off as a protest to the traditional approaches to public administration that focused on organizations, institutionalization, rules, and code of conducts etc with absolutely no mention of people who are the center of all these activities. ![]() The behavioral approach to public administration owes its genesis to the Human Relations Movement of the 1930s. ![]()
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